11 Powerful Types of CNC Machining Processes You Need to Know in 2024

1. CNC Milling Machines
CNC milling machines use rotating cutting tools to remove material from a stationary workpiece. They’re commonly used for making furniture, signage, and prototype models. While effective, they have limitations regarding workpiece size, operator skill requirements, and initial cost. Prices range from $10,000 to over $200,000, with hourly rates varying based on the machine’s axis count.

2. CNC Router Machines
CNC routers cut complex designs on flat materials like wood, metal, and plastic. They often replace manual tools and are widely used for furniture carving, moldings, and musical instruments. However, they can be noisy and produce residual dust. Costs range from $3,000 to $100,000, with hourly rates similar to CNC milling machines.

3. CNC Plasma Cutters
Using an electric arc to create plasma, these machines cut conductive materials like metal with high precision. They are popular in automobile manufacturing and repair shops but limited to conductive materials, and the process leaves heat-affected zones on the cut edges. These machines cost between $12,000 and $300,000, with hourly operation around $20.

4. CNC Lathes and Turning Machines
CNC lathes rotate the workpiece, allowing tools to shape it precisely. They excel in producing cylindrical parts like camshafts and gun barrels. CNC turning, a variant, involves linear tool movement. However, these machines are best for symmetrical components. Prices start at $15,000, and hourly rates are about $40.

5. CNC Laser Cutting Machines
These machines use laser beams to cut various materials with high accuracy. They’re effective for applications in aerospace and medical equipment. However, they have limitations on thickness and require skilled operators. The machines cost between $5,000 and $300,000, with hourly rates around $20.

6. CNC Electrical Discharge Machines (EDM)
EDM machines use electric sparks to shape conductive materials, ideal for injection molds and die casting. While effective, EDM is limited to conductive materials and can be slow on corners. Machines start at $15,000, with an hourly rate of about $25.

7. CNC Waterjet Cutting Machines
Using high-pressure water, these machines can cut nearly any material, making them versatile for foam, metal, and even ceramics. However, they’re slower than other methods, especially on curves. Waterjet machines range from $50,000 to $200,000, with hourly rates between $15 and $30.

8. CNC Grinding Machines
These machines use rotating grinding wheels to finish parts with precision. They’re commonly used for automotive, aerospace, and medical components, though they’re slower and primarily for finishing surfaces. Costs start at $5,000, with hourly operation at approximately $20.

9. CNC Drilling Machines
CNC drilling machines are used widely for creating holes in materials, such as in automotive and shipbuilding. However, they’re limited by hole size and depth. Machines average $25,000, making them a standard choice for precise hole drilling.

10. Automatic Tool Changer (ATC)
An ATC allows CNC machines to change cutting tools automatically, speeding up production and minimizing downtime. Used across CNC machines, ATCs enhance efficiency and are vital in high-volume production environments.

11. Multiaxis CNC Machines (2-Axis, 3-Axis, 4-Axis, etc.)
CNC machines are classified by their axes, with additional axes allowing more complex geometries. For example:

• 2-Axis: Basic cuts on a stationary workpiece.
• 3-Axis: Adds depth, allowing for 3D shapes.
• 4-Axis: Rotates the workpiece, creating more intricate designs. Each additional axis enables further complexity and precision, with machines priced accordingly.